Online Chapter 55 eLearning

Virtual Bankruptcy Assistant A VBA (virtual bankruptcy assistant) is a trained professional who works as an independent contractor for bankruptcy attorneys nationwide. Because bankruptcy is FEDERAL law, the forms are basically the same in all states. That means that a virtual bankruptcy assistant in Georgia could be preparing Chapter 7 and Chapter 13 bankruptcy petitions for attorneys in California. Your location is  more...

Online Travel Tourism Courses - Onlinetraveleducom Welcome to Onlinetraveledu. com A unique e-learning portal offering short innovative courses in 14 verticals in Aviation, Travel / Tourism, Hospitality & Logistics! We are an integrated E-learning portal providing various online training programs in the domains of Aviation, Tourism, Hospitality & Logistics. These are short online courses aimed at professionals working in the fields of  more...

Chapter 7- The Initial Consultation Chapter 7- The Initial Consultation  more...

Small Water Systems - Water Sources Overview When selecting the source for a small water system, the design engineer must consider many factors including the quantity and quality of water from the source, as well as development, operation, maintenance and monitoring costs. Connection to an existing water system is usually the best option when it is economically feasible. However, development of groundwater or surface water  more...

Maintenance of Concrete Overview Concrete can deteriorate over time due to a number of factors including moisture penetration, chemical attack and physical damage. Selection of a suitable coating system, combined with proper surface preparation, application and curing of the coating, can significantly increase the service life of concrete subjected to harsh operating environments. Aesthetics are also an important  more...

Use of Wood in Buildings and Bridges Overview Prior to the 20th century, wood was the major structural material for most houses and commercial buildings. Today, many houses and light commercial buildings are constructed using modern wood structural materials, such as roof and floor trusses, plywood and OSB. Also, an increased interest exists for using wood for transportation structures, including bridges. This course is intended  more...

Lumber Stress Grades and Design Properties Overview Lumber sawn from a log, regardless of species and size, is quite variable in mechanical properties. Pieces of lumber sawn from the same log may differ in strength by several hundred percent. For ease of use, lumber with the same mechanical properties are placed in categories, commonly known as stress grades. This course is intended to provide the student with an understanding of how  more...

Design of Small Water Systems - Pumping Storage and Distribution Small water systems have unique design considerations relative to larger municipal water systems. The small number of users makes the system more sensitive to peak rates demanded by one or several users. Given this fact, it is particularly important that the system designer consider all components of the system simultaneously. In this course the student will review Chapter 7, "Pumping,  more...

Design of Small Water Systems - Water Quality Requirements The National Safe Drinking Water Act (SDWA) specifies maximum permissible levels of contamination and minimum monitoring frequencies for public water systems. Mandatory adherence to the specified maximum contaminant level (MCL) is dependent on whether the water system serves a community (year-round residents) or a transient population (such as parks, campgrounds and restaurants). The MCLs are  more...

Design of Small Water Systems - Water Quantity Requirements Local water shortages are a recurring problem in many parts of the U.S. and throughout the world. As the population continues to grow, the problems will only increase. Thus, it is important to properly plan water use projects to ensure that the system is capable of meeting the users' demands for many years to come. In this course the student will review Chapter 4, "Water Quantity  more...

Concrete Distress Deterioration - Symptoms and Causes Overview A basic understanding of the underlying causes of concrete deficiencies is essential to performing meaningful evaluations which lead to the proper selection of the method or technique used to successfully repair concrete. Symptoms or observations of a deficiency must be differentiated from the actual cause of the deficiency, and it is imperative that causes and not symptoms be  more...

Physical Properties and Moisture Relations of Wood Overview A basic understanding of the physical properties of wood is desirable since these properties affect a wide variety of products that are manufactured from wood. There are many different physical characteristics or properties among the many different species of wood. In many cases, more than one property of wood is important to the end product. This course is intended to provide the  more...

Small Water Systems - Water Treatment Overview The purpose of water treatment is to do whatever is necessary to render a raw water suitable for its intended use. Depending on the quality of the water source and the intended use, treatment may range from simple disinfection with chlorine to more expensive, specialized processes such as reverse osmosis or ion exchange treatment. This course examines the more common water treatment  more...

Wood-Based Composites and Panel Products Overview Wood properties vary greatly among species, between trees of the same species, and between pieces from the same tree. Because of this variation, solid wood cannot match reconstituted wood in the range of properties that can be controlled in processing. This course is intended to provide the student with an understanding of the different types of wood-based composites and panel products  more...

Mechanical Properties of Wood Overview A basic understanding of the mechanical properties of wood is essential when utilizing this raw material for construction purposes. There are many different species of wood, each having their own specific characteristics. This course is intended to provide the student with a fundamental understanding of the different properties of wood along with an understanding of how natural defects  more...

Controlling VOCs Using Carbon Adsorbers Overview In air pollution control, adsorption is employed to remove volatile organic compounds (VOCs) from gas streams, when a stringent outlet concentration must be met and/or recovery of the VOC is desired. Although there may be several types of adsorbants used, this course is oriented toward the use of activated carbon, a commonly used adsorbent for VOCs. Of the various types of adsorption  more...

Air Pollution Control Ventilation Equipment The type of equipment needed to convey waste gas are the same for most kinds of control devices. These are: (1) hoods, (2) ductwork, (3) stacks, and (4) fans. Together, these items comprise a ventilation system. A hood is used to capture the emissions at the source; ductwork, to convey them to the control device; a stack, to disperse them after they leave the device; and a fan, to provide the  more...

Gas Absorption for Air Pollution Control Gas absorbers are used extensively in industry for separation and purification of gas streams, as product recovery devices, and as pollution control devices. Absorption is a process where one or more soluble components of a gas mixture are dissolved in a liquid (i.e., a solvent). There are different types of absorption equipment. This course looks at the various absorbers used to control gas  more...

Urban Hydrology This course provides an overview of hydrologic methods commonly used in urban drainage design. In this course, the student will review Chapter 3 of Hydraulic Engineering Circular 22, Urban Hydrologic Procedures. This chapter addresses the following subjects: Rainfall Determination of Peak Flow Rates Development of Design Hydrographs This course is relevant to municipal engineers, highway  more...

Vacuum Sewers 101 From the time the very first public sewer system was constructed until the 1960? s, a conventional gravity system was the only choice US engineers had when considering a public sewer collection system. This changed about 40 years ago when the USEPA challenged the industry to developed alternative collection by providing special funding for such endeavors. One of the alternative collection systems  more...

Vacuum Sewers - Operation and Maintenance and System Management Guidelines From the time the very first public sewer system was constructed until the 1960? s, a conventional gravity system was the only choice US engineers had when considering a public sewer collection system. This changed about 40 years ago when the USEPA challenged the industry to developed alternative collection by providing special funding for such endeavors. One of the alternative collection systems  more...

Finite Element Structural Analysis on an Excel Spreadsheet Finite element software and spreadsheet software are two essential tools for structural engineers. This course combines the two into a FE spreadsheet that puts the power of FE method into the versatility of a spreadsheet. The user is provided with a Microsoft Excel spreadsheet that solves FE two dimensional (2D) frame-type structural engineering problems. This spreadsheet is simplistic in  more...

Particulate Control - Baghouses and Filters Overview Fabric filter units are used in industry as an effective pollution control device for removal of particulate material within a captured air stream. This course presents the process descriptions of various styles of baghouses and air filter systems. Design and operating parameters are analyzed. The applicability of filter materials and operating principles are explained for a variety of  more...

Wet Scrubbers for Particulate Matter Control Overview Wet scrubbers are a pollution control devise used in the industry for removal of particulate material within a captured air stream. There are numerous types of wet scrubbers which remove both acid gases and particulate mater (PM). This course describes the commonly applied scrubber designs used to remove PM from stationary sources. Design and operating parameters are presented. Various  more...

Electrostatic Precipitators for Air Pollution Control Overview An electrostatic precipitator (ESP) is a pollution control device that uses electrical forces to move the particles out of the flowing gas stream and onto collector plates for particulate emission control. There are different configurations and types of ESPs designed and operated for removal of particulate mater (PM). This course describes the commonly applied ESP designs used to  more...

Stormwater Detention in Urban Drainage Design This course is intended to present recommended design procedures and guidelines for use in complying with the requirements of Section 1-303.03 Stormwater Storage. The main purpose of a detention basin is to store excess runoff thus reducing peak discharges downstream. Detention basins should be considered when increased runoff due to highway activities would cause additional damage to downstream  more...

Wastewater Characteristics Flow and Transport and Fate of Pollutants in the Receiving Environment Overview Onsite wastewater treatment systems (OWTS) are used to treat wastewater in applications ranging from rural single-family dwellings to industrial plants located in densely populated areas. Unlike sophisticated community wastewater treatment facilities, performance monitoring of onsite treatment systems has not typically been required by regulations. Thus, the importance of properly  more...

Design of Small Water Systems Overview In this course the student will review EM 1110-2-503, "Design of Small Water Systems" published by the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers. This course is particularly relevant to engineers involved in designing both public and private water systems. Although the publication's title suggests coverage of only small water systems, much of the discussion applies to large systems as  more...

Vacuum Sewers - Design and Installation Guidelines From the time the very first public sewer system was constructed until the 1960? s, a conventional gravity system was the only choice US engineers had when considering a public sewer collection system. This changed about 40 years ago when the USEPA challenged the industry to develop alternative collection by providing special funding for such endeavors. One of the alternative collection systems is  more...

NFPA 70E - Arc Flash Hazards On January 7, 1976 The National Fire Protection Association, Inc. formed a committee to develop a standard that would serve the needs of OSHA. The first edition was published in 1979. There were a number of editions, culminating with the 2004 Edition. This particular course emphasizes the Arc Flash Hazards that the standard addresses. This is one of the most important issues facing the  more...

Introduction to Batteries Electricity cannot always be generated where and when it is needed, so batteries are used in instances where direct current is needed and/or there is no access to a power outlet, or a cord becomes cumbersome. A battery is a device where chemical energy is converted to electrical energy. Many different types of batteries are available for a wide variety of applications, from storing solar power  more...

Alternating Current Fundamentals A transformer is an electrical device that transfers energy from one circuit to another purely by magnetic coupling. Transformers are often used to convert between high and low voltages, to change impedance, and to provide electrical isolation between circuits. A basic transformer consists of two sets of coils or windings close to each other (sometimes wrapped around an iron or ferrite  more...

Inductance Fundamentals Inductance is the property of an electric circuit component that opposes any change in electric current. It is a measure of the amount of magnetic flux produced for a given electric current and is designated by letter ? L? . An inductor is a component designed to produce a specific inductance i.e. having no resistance or capacitance. An inductor, when subjected to an increasing electrical current  more...

Introduction to Capacitance Capacitance is the property of an electric conductor that characterizes its ability to store an electric charge. An electronic device called a capacitor is designed to provide capacitance in an electric circuit by providing a means for storing energy in an electric field between two conducting bodies. A capacitor in its simplest form consists of two conducting plates separated by an insulating  more...

Transformer Fundamentals A transformer is an electrical device that transfers energy from one circuit to another purely by magnetic coupling. Transformers are often used to convert between high and low voltages, to change impedance, and to provide electrical isolation between circuits. A basic transformer consists of two sets of coils or windings close to each other (sometimes wrapped around an iron or ferrite  more...

Circuit Protection Devices Too much current flowing through an electric circuit can damage the circuit and create a safety hazard. How much current is "too much current"? That depends on the circuit and its components. For some circuits, 1 ampere would be too much current, while for other circuits 1 ampere would be perfectly acceptable. Circuit protection devices protect electrical equipment by rapidly  more...

Circuit Control Devices Circuit control in its simplest form, is the application and removal of power. This can also be expressed as turning a circuit on and off or opening and closing a circuit. Before you learn about the application of circuit control devices, you should know why circuit control is needed. If a circuit develops problems that could damage the equipment or endanger personnel, it should be possible to  more...

Electrical Conductors A conductor is a piece of metal used to conduct electricity, known colloquially as an electrical wire. Wires are very good conductors, which mean that they have very little resistance. In fact, their resistance is so small that often we consider it to be zero. (In other words, we often treat wires as perfect conductors). In the United States, conductors are measured by American wire gauge  more...

Wiring Techniques The satisfactory performance and continuous reliability of electrical systems greatly depends on the quality of wiring. Improperly or carelessly installed wiring can be a source of both immediate and potential danger, and many malfunctions and failures can be traced to this cause. This course describes many of the techniques used to prepare wire (cutting, stripping, crimping), install various  more...

Introduction to Matter Energy and Electricity Have you ever wondered about all the material or matter around us? What is it? Is there any universal explanation for its appearance, properties, and behavior? One theory that explained some of the properties of matter was the molecular theory of matter, which states that matter consists of small molecules in motion. This theory provides an explanation of many characteristics of matter,  more...

Reactance in AC Circuits - Fundamental Concepts Reactance is the measure of the opposition to the flow of alternating current caused by the inductance and capacitance in a circuit rather than by resistance. Steady electric currents flowing along conductors in one direction undergo opposition called electrical resistance, but no reactance. Reactance is present in addition to resistance when conductors carry alternating current. Reactance also  more...

Alternating Current Motors and Generators An alternating current generator, or AC generator, produces an alternating current, which means the voltage produced alternately reverses from positive to negative polarity, producing a corresponding change in the direction of current flow. Much like a DC generator, an AC generator requires a coil to cut across the force lines of a magnetic field. This coil is attached to two slip rings, which  more...

Introduction to Electron Tubes An electron tube is a device used for the processing of electrical signals. Although solid state semiconductors have replaced the electron tubes in most applications, there are still niche applications where electron tubes not only continue to see practical use, but perform their respective tasks better than any solid-state device. For example, tubes are still used in some high-power amplifiers,  more...

Power Supplies Using Electron Tubes Power supplies are vital in the world of electronics. There are several different power supply designs out there for converting AC to DC using electron tubes or semiconductors. Although most of the power supply circuits using electron tubes are outdated, they still show the same basic concepts that our modern solid-state devices have replaced. Many power supplies today still trace back to the  more...

Direct Current Motors and Generators A direct current generator, or DC generator, produces a voltage of constant polarity, which means the voltage and current do not change over time. DC generators are basically AC generators whose output voltage is switched the other way around at the proper moment, so that the direction of the voltage is always in a single direction. The AC generator uses slip rings to transfer the current to the  more...

Introduction to Solid State Semiconductors Solid state is an electrical term that refers to electronic circuitry that is built entirely out of semiconductors. A semiconductor is a solid whose electrical conductivity is somewhat between good conductors and insulators. Why are semiconductors so special? Almost all electronics that we have today are built around semiconductors. These are special because we can very easily control how  more...

Direct Current Circuits Fundamentals Most students of electricity begin their study with what is known as direct current (DC). This is different than static electricity, which typically collects on the surface of a non-conductor such as a piece of plastic. It is also different than alternating current (AC) electricity, which flows back-and-forth in a conductor. In DC circuits, the polarity of the voltage source and current does not  more...

Land Farming for Soil Remediation Overview EPA confirmed over 7,300 new releases from underground storage tanks (USTs) during fiscal year 2008, bringing the cumulative total to 480,000 releases. Of these, about 103,000 are still in cleanup status. (Source: EPA, FY 2008 End of Year Activity Report, 11/22/2008). These UST leaks pose a grave threat to human health and the environment by contaminating groundwater and soil. One option  more...

Soil Vapor Extraction Overview EPA confirmed over 7,300 new releases from underground storage tanks (USTs) during fiscal year 2008, bringing the cumulative total to 480,000 releases. Of these, about 103,000 are still in cleanup status. (Source: EPA, FY 2008 End of Year Activity Report, 11/22/2008). These UST leaks pose a grave threat to human health and the environment by contaminating groundwater and soil. As an  more...

In-Situ Chemical Oxidation Overview EPA confirmed over 7,300 new releases from underground storage tanks (USTs) during fiscal year 2008, bringing the cumulative total to 480,000 releases. Of these, about 103,000 are still in cleanup status. (Source: EPA, FY 2008 End of Year Activity Report, 11/22/2008). These UST leaks pose a grave threat to human health and the environment by contaminating groundwater and soil. As an  more...

In-Situ Groundwater Bioremediation Overview EPA confirmed over 7,300 new releases from underground storage tanks (USTs) during fiscal year 2008, bringing the cumulative total to 480,000 releases. Of these, about 103,000 are still in cleanup status. (Source: EPA, FY 2008 End of Year Activity Report, 11/22/2008). These UST leaks pose a grave threat to human health and the environment by contaminating groundwater. As an alternative  more...

Monitored Natural Attenuation MNA Overview EPA confirmed over 7,300 new releases from underground storage tanks (USTs) during fiscal year 2008, bringing the cumulative total to 480,000 releases. Of these, about 103,000 are still in cleanup status. (Source: EPA, FY 2008 End of Year Activity Report, 11/22/2008.) These UST leaks pose a grave threat to human health and the environment by contaminating groundwater and soil.  more...

Safe Rooms and Shelters - Chemical Biological and Radiological Threat Protection Overview A safe room is a system of barriers that protects the occupants from the outside environment. Under usual operations, a building does little to protect occupants from external airborne hazards because outside air must be continuously introduced through these openings to provide a comfortable, healthy inside environment. A building can provide substantial protection against agents  more...

Professional Ethics for Texas Engineers Overview Under the Texas Engineering Practice Act, each engineer licensed in the state must spend at least one professional development hour each year reviewing professional ethics and the roles and responsibilities for Engineers. In this course the student will study portions of Chapter 137, "Compliance and Professionalism" and Chapter 139, "Enforcement" of the Texas  more...

Smoke Movement Smoke and fire gases, inherent in all unwanted fires, are dangerous products of combustion that have critical influences on life safety, property protection and fire suppression practices in buildings. In this course the student will learn some of the basic principles of smoke movement and management in buildings. The source document for the course discusses a variety of factors that affect  more...

Mechanical Design of Pumping Stations - Miscellaneous Equipment Overview This course covers Chapter 9 and Appendices C and D in the US Army Corps of Engineers document EM 1110-2-3105, "Mechanical and Electrical Design of Pumping Stations". These chapters cover the design of miscellaneous mechanical equipment for pumping stations, including sump closures, trashracks, overhead cranes, ventilation, pump bearings, sump pumps and equipment protection.  more...

Compressed Air System Design Overview This course covers the basic components of a compressed air system and provides guidance on achieving an economical, durable, efficient, and dependable system design. The basis for the course material is Technical Manual TM 5-810-4/AFM 88-8, Chapter 3 "Compressed Air" published by the Joint Departments of the Army and Air Force. This course is relevant to engineers  more...

HVAC Electrical Considerations ... contained in the 2003 ASHRAE HVAC Applications Handbook, Chapter 55 - Electrical Considerations. Note that the 2003 ASHRAE HVAC Applications Handbook is not provided as part of the purchase price for this course. It must be obtained separately by the student. If necessary, this document can be purchased through ASHRAE's online bookstore at http://resourcecenter.ashrae.org/store/ashrae/ or  more...

Advances in Solar Electric Generation Technology Overview The vast majority of the world's energy is produced from fossil fuels and other non-sustainable fuel sources. However, dwindling reservoirs and increased exploration costs for fossil fuels are helping to make renewable energy sources, such as solar power, more attractive. At the same time, advances in technology are making solar power more affordable. As a result, the worldwide  more...

Process Piping Part 2 - Metallic Piping Systems This 2-hour online course addresses various types of metallic piping and their properties, corrosion theory, corrosion prevention, pipe support requirements, thermal stresses, pipe specifications, material properties, common alloys, and their proper application. This course is relevant to Civil, Environmental, Sanitary, and Mechanical Engineers in many industries, including water/wastewater,  more...

Lighting HVAC Plumbing - High Performance Sustainable Design Overview Sustainability has gained momentum in the building design industry over the past few years. Sustainability is a term that embraces engineering, architecture, facility construction, operation and maintenance for the life of a building from conception of the idea - to constructing the building - to the demolition of the building. Design professionals who work with clients that are using  more...

Fire Protection of Confinement Ventilation Systems Overview Fires in industrial and nuclear facilities have been caused by a variety of energy sources, including electrical energy and spontaneous combustion of pyrophoric metals. While fixed fire suppression systems or operator intervention have limited the size and consequences of most of these fires, some did propagate and cause significant damage and material release. In this course the  more...

Process Piping - Part 1 - General Piping Design This 3-hour online course provides a general overview of piping materials, strength design, temperature effects, transient pressures, pipeline hydraulics, connections, supports, piping identification, and testing. This course is relevant to Civil, Environmental, Sanitary, and Mechanical Engineers in the many industries, including water/wastewater, manufacturing, chemical, and HVAC. The course  more...

Filters for Industry Overview Filtration of air is crucial to the HVAC system performance and the commercial and industrial applications that these systems serve. Filters are widely used in nuclear ventilation, air cleanup, and confinement systems to remove particulate matter from air and gas streams. Air filters are defined as porous structures through which air is passed to separate out entrained particulate  more...

Alternative Energy Technology Profiles This course provides an overview of alternative power technologies that can be used to generate and distribute energy. Over fifteen alternative power technologies covering such topics as; biofuels, geothermal, microturbines, fuel cells, wind, solar, hydropower, and reciprocating engines are covering in this course. Each technology is briefly described to include the system description and concept,  more...

Air Conditioning Systems Most people think the air conditioning system's job is just to add "cold? air to the space. Actually air-conditioning is a process by which air is cooled and dehumidified by mechanical means. In a broader sense, air conditioning includes both the cooling and heating of air, cleaning it and controlling its moisture level, and conditioning it to provide maximum indoor comfort. Engineers define  more...

Fluid Power Part 1 Hydraulic Principles Most modern machinery today uses fluid power principles to do work so as to make our lives easier. Think about your car's brakes and how, by stepping on the brake pedal, you apply stopping pressure on the brakes on all four wheels. The ease with which we drive and steer our cars today is because of fluid power. You see fluid power at automobile service centers lifting the cars so that mechanics  more...

Overview of Refrigeration Systems Most people think the refrigeration system? s job is simply to make an object ? cold? . However, it is more accurate to say that a ? cold? object contains less concentrated or less intense heat than a warmer object used for comparison. Thermodynamically speaking, there? s no such thing as ? cold? . Rather, one object has less heat than another object. Heat cannot be destroyed or lost, but it  more...

Fluid Power Part 2 - Hydraulic Power Units Fluid systems are utilized in many engineering systems like machine tools, heavy machinery, chemical processes, automotive equipment, aircraft, missiles, and space vehicles. All fluid systems involve the use of power unit comprising of pumps, valves, piping, tubing, and hoses used to convey fluid under pressure. This 6-hour course provides general information on the types and applications of  more...

Fluid Power Part 3 - Hydraulic Components Fluid systems involve the use of fluids to transmit and multiply force. The basic hydraulic unit for this purpose makes use of various hydraulic components such as reservoirs, actuators, filters and accumulators. It also involves the use of diverse types of controls including pressure control and valves, flow control, directional control and solenoids. In this 6-hour course, the reader will be  more...

Hydraulic Fluids The primary purpose of a hydraulic fluid is to transmit power mechanically throughout a hydraulic power system. However, hydraulic fluids are also required to provide lubrication of contact surfaces within system components, sealing of equipment with tight clearances and removal of heat generated within the system. The hydraulic fluid must also protect system components against rust, oxidation and  more...

Coatings - Corrosion Theory and Protection Overview Corrosion is defined as the deterioration of a material, usually a metal, because of a reaction with its environment and which requires the presence of an anode, a cathode, an electrolyte, and an electrical current. The annual cost of corrosion and corrosion protection in the U.S. is estimated to be in the billions of dollars. Corrosion can be mitigated by five basic methods: coatings,  more...

Gear Lubrication Overview Selecting the appropriate lubricant is a critical step in gear design. When properly selected and applied, gear lubricants reduce friction and wear, help to prevent corrosion, reduce operating noise, improve heat transfer and facilitate removal of abrasive wear particles from the contact areas of the gear tooth surfaces. In this course, the student will study the lubricants that are  more...

Lubrication - Fundamentals Overview Friction is a force that resists relative motion between two surfaces in contact. Friction can be beneficial, such as when attempting to plant your feet to move a heavy object. However, friction in rotating equipment can be detrimental. Excessive friction causes premature wear and generates heat, which results in wasted energy. In this course, the student will learn the basics of  more...

Lubricating Oils and Additives Lubricating oils are used in machinery to reduce friction between two surfaces in contact. The improper selection of a lubricant can result in wasted energy due to heat loss and premature wear of parts. Lubricating oils are generally classified into two categories, refined and synthetic. Refined oils are produced from the refinement of existing petroleum or vegetable oils and synthetic oils are  more...

Lubrication - Grease Overview Grease is used for lubrication of contact surfaces where it is not practical or convenient to use oil. Grease is typically used for applications where its consistency allows it to remain in place, whereas oil would seep away. An example is machinery that is run intermittently or is placed in storage for long periods of time. Grease is also used where it is difficult or inconvenient to  more...

Coatings - Surface Preparation Overview The objective of surface preparation prior to applying a coating system is to create proper adhesion of the coating to the underlying substrate. Proper adhesion will occur if a suitable level of surface cleanliness and roughness (profile) is achieved. There are a wide variety of surface preparation methods available, such as solvent cleaning, power-tool cleaning and abrasive blast  more...

Coatings - Types and Characteristics Overview Simply stated, a coating consists of a film-forming material dissolved in a solvent. The film-forming material is called a resin. When the resin contains pigments it is called a binder because it binds the pigment particles together and to the substrate over which it has been applied. Pigments are used to add color to the coating and can also enhance the coating's resistance to  more...

Final Cut Pro 3 Even if you are new to digital nonlinear editing, James Monohan can make you a proficient user in Final Cut Pro 3 with this comprehensive training. Virtual Training Company's 11-hour tutorial takes you from the basics of digital editing through configuring your system, capturing video, importing data, media management, keyframes, outputting, exporting, and much more. The author includes an  more...

FileMaker Pro Scripting FileMaker Pro is a powerful and useful application that takes the headache out of keeping your business databases organized. Virtual Training Company's FileMaker Pro Scripting tutorial is perfect for gaining a more in-depth understanding of the actual use of scripts in real-world situations. It is highly recommended that you complete Virtual Training Company's FileMaker Pro 3/4 (ISBN#1889347450)  more...

Adobe Premiere 6 Adobe Premiere 6 is a wonderful application for video editing, both on Mac and PC. It is used for capturing digital and analog video, editing it, adding special effects, graphics and titling, and for outputting back to video. Mark Schaeffer gives an overview and goes over the interface of Premiere in this Virtual Training Company tutorial. After covering the basics, he will teach you many editing  more...

Children's Book Writing Workshop - "Best of the Web" Forbes The quiet magic of Goodnight Moon grows into the zaniness of Dr. Seuss and widens into the dazzlement of Harry Potter then matures into the straight talk of Judy Blume and the gritty reality of The Outsiders. Such is the amazing journey children take through books. These stories are a treasured part of childhood and they linger for a lifetime. Writing for children is fun but not child s play.  more...

Focus on Writing for Children from Writers Online Workshops The goal of this intermediate-level workshop is to explain the practical why behind writing technique/literary devices and showing writers the when, where and how to translate the concepts of writing for children into story text. You will work with a professional children s author who will help you take your writing skills to the next level. The course will help you develop rules, checks, and  more...

Writing the Nonfiction Book Proposal from Writers Online Workshops In this workshop you will work with a published book author to put together a winning proposal for your book idea. At the conclusion of this workshop, you will have written a proposal package consisting of a query/cover letter, a chapter-by-chapter outline, and sample chapters ready to submit to agents or publishers (up to 12,000 words total). To get the most from this workshop, you should have a  more...